What is Open Banking?
Open Banking is a regulatory and technological movement that requires banks to share customer financial data with authorized third-party providers (TPPs) through secure APIs. This enables consumers to share their banking data with fintech apps, comparison services, and other financial providers to access better products and services.
Account Information Services (AIS)
AISPs can access account data (balances, transactions) with customer consent. Used for aggregation, personal finance management, and credit scoring.
Payment Initiation Services (PIS)
PISPs can initiate payments directly from bank accounts. Enables account-to-account payments without cards, reducing fees and fraud.
Card-Based Payment Instruments (CBPII)
CBPIIs can confirm available funds before card transactions. Helps merchants verify payment capability without accessing full account details.
The Evolution from Open Banking to Open Finance
Open Banking initially focused on payment accounts, but regulators worldwide are now expanding to Open Finance—covering savings, investments, mortgages, pensions, and insurance. This broader scope enables comprehensive financial data portability and more sophisticated services.
PSD2 Goes Live
EU's Payment Services Directive 2 requires banks to provide APIs for account access. UK Open Banking launches alongside.
Global Expansion
Australia's CDR launches. Brazil begins Open Finance implementation. Singapore SGFinDex goes live.
US Section 1033
CFPB finalizes Personal Financial Data Rights rule, establishing Open Banking in the United States.
PSD3 & FIDA
EU's next generation of Open Finance regulations expected, extending to mortgages, pensions, and insurance.
Key Regulatory Frameworks
- PSD2/PSD3 (EU) — Payment Services Directives requiring secure API access for licensed TPPs
- FIDA (EU) — Upcoming Financial Data Access regulation extending Open Finance beyond payments
- UK Open Banking — CMA-mandated standards with the world's highest adoption rates
- Section 1033 (US) — CFPB rule establishing consumer financial data rights
- CDR (Australia) — Economy-wide Consumer Data Right expanding beyond banking
- Open Finance Brasil — Comprehensive framework including insurance and investments
- Account Aggregator (India) — Unique consent-layer architecture for financial data sharing
Regulatory Models
- Mandate Model — Regulators require banks to provide APIs (EU PSD2, UK, Australia). Ensures universal coverage but may limit innovation.
- Market-Led Model — Industry develops standards voluntarily (Singapore, Switzerland). More flexible but may have uneven adoption.
- Hybrid Model — Government guidance with industry implementation (Japan, Hong Kong). Balances direction with market flexibility.
Benefits of Open Banking Regulations
Innovation & Competition
Enables fintechs to build innovative services on bank data. Increases competition and reduces barriers to entry in financial services.
Consumer Empowerment
Gives consumers control over their financial data. Enables switching, comparison, and access to better financial products.
Cost Reduction
Account-to-account payments reduce card network fees. Automated data access eliminates manual processes.
Enhanced Security
APIs with strong authentication replace screen scraping. Standardized security reduces data breach risks.
Complementary Regulations & Standards
Open Banking doesn't exist in isolation. Several complementary regulations and industry initiatives work together to create a comprehensive open finance ecosystem.
eIDAS 2.0 - Digital Identity
EU digital identity wallets enable secure identification and authentication for Open Finance services.
DORA - Operational Resilience
EU regulation setting ICT security standards that impact Open Banking API security and incident reporting.
Instant Payments
EU regulation requiring 24/7 instant euro transfers, enhancing PIS use cases and payment efficiency.
E-Invoicing Regulations
Electronic invoicing mandates work alongside Open Banking for automated reconciliation and payments.
Getting Ready for Open Banking Compliance
Whether you're a bank, fintech, or enterprise, preparing for Open Banking regulations requires:
- Understanding applicable regulations in your operating jurisdictions
- Assessing technical readiness for API development or integration
- Implementing Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) mechanisms
- Establishing consent management and data governance frameworks
- Obtaining necessary licenses (AISP, PISP, CBPII, or equivalent)
- Working with API aggregators for multi-bank connectivity
- Planning for upcoming regulations (FIDA, PSD3, etc.)
Build with Open Banking APIs
Explore our directory of API aggregators, TPPs, and banking APIs to accelerate your Open Banking integration.